Should I Be Concerned About My Cat's Diarrhea?

by Amanda L. Maus DVM
Catalina Pet Hospital

Tucson, AZ

When deciding whether to worry about your cat's diarrhea, there are several things to consider since diarrhea has many potential causes. Cat owners are often familiar with cats having diarrhea after a sudden food change or eating something they should not.  Some causes of diarrhea are contagious to other animals, as well as humans.  Causes can include:

• stress
• medication side effect
• virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite infection
• food allergy/intolerance
• ingestion of toxins or plants
• inflammatory bowel disease
• disease of the kidneys, liver, or pancreas
• metabolic diseases like hyperthyroidism
• certain cancers

Specific patterns of vomiting, correlated with other symptoms, can help your veterinarian determine which diseases are more likely.  This includes: 

• How old is the cat?
• Does the cat go outside?
• How long has the diarrhea been going on?
• How often is the cat having diarrhea each day?
• What is the consistency of the diarrhea?
• What color is the diarrhea?
• Is there blood or mucus in the diarrhea?
• Is the cat straining to defecate?
• How is the cat's appetite?
• What kind of food does the cat eat?
• Is the cat lethargic or hiding?
• Is the cat also vomiting?
• Has the cat lost weight?
• Is the cat dehydrated?

Now, how do you decide whether you should go to your veterinarian? Any cat who is having frequent diarrhea for more than 2 days, has blood or worms in their diarrhea, has black tarry diarrhea, is lethargic or hiding, was witnessed eating something inappropriate, is also vomiting, or has stopped eating, should be seen right away by your veterinarian. Other causes for concern are if your cat has diarrhea once weekly or more frequently, has lost weight, has a decreased or increased appetite, or increased thirst or urination.  Additional worries include anal irritation or back end hygiene issues in older, long hair, or overweight cats.  Make sure to take a fresh sample of the diarrhea to your cat's appointment.   

Should I Be Concerned About My Cat's Vomiting?

by Amanda L. Maus DVM
Catalina Pet Hospital
Tucson, AZ

When deciding whether to worry about your cat's vomiting, there are quite a few things to consider. The first is to determine whether your cat is vomiting or regurgitating, which involves witnessing the act.  Vomiting, which is much more common, involves active retching or heaving before anything is expelled from the mouth.  With regurgitation, food or liquid is spewed from the mouth without any retching or heaving.  A cat who is regurgitating should be seen by their veterinarian as soon as possible, due to risk of aspiration pneumonia and esophagus damage.

Vomiting has many causes.  Cat owners are often familiar with their cats having hairballs or vomiting after eating too much food, too quickly.  Other causes can include:

• stress
• motion sickness from travel
• medication side effect
• virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite infection
• food allergy/intolerance
• ingestion of toxins, plants, or indigestible objects
• obstruction of the intestine due to indigestible object or cancer
• inflammatory bowel disease
• disease of the kidneys, liver, or pancreas
• metabolic diseases like hyperthyroidism and diabetes
• certain cancers

Specific patterns of vomiting, correlated with other symptoms, can help your veterinarian determine which diseases are more likely.  This includes:

• How old is the cat?
• Does the cat go outside?
• How long has the vomiting been going on? 
• How often is the cat vomiting? What is vomited?
• How is the cat's appetite?
• What kind of food does the cat eat?
• Is the cat lethargic or hiding?
• Is there blood in the vomit?
• Is the cat having diarrhea?
• Has the cat lost weight?
• Is the cat dehydrated?

Now, how do you decide whether you should go to your veterinarian?  Any cat who is vomiting after every time they eat, has blood or worms in their vomit, is lethargic or hiding, was witnessed eating something inappropriate, or has stopped eating, should be seen right away by your veterinarian.  Other causes for concern are if your cat vomits weekly or more frequently, has lost weight, has a decreased or increased appetite, increased thirst or urination, or also has diarrhea.  Knowing the answers to the above questions will greatly assist your veterinarian in interpreting any bloodwork or xrays that may be needed to diagnose the cause of your cat's vomiting. 

What Should I Feed My Cat?

by Amanda L. Maus DVM
Catalina Pet Hospital
Tucson, AZ

A common question asked by cat parents is what food should they be feeding their cat.  There is no one brand or type that is perfect or the best for all cats.  Certain cats may have trouble with hairballs or have a sensitive stomach and therefore only do well on specific types of food.  Some cats may have medical conditions such as kidney disease or urinary tract diseases that require prescription foods be fed.  The aim of this blog is to help with making decisions on which food to buy for a normal, healthy adult cat, when confronted with all of the different types of available cat food at the pet store.

Mister

Cats are carnivores which means that they require high levels of protein in their diet, usually obtained through eating animal tissue or muscle.  Omnivores, such as humans and dogs, eat a mixture of animal and non-animal foods.  The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) recommends a minimum of 26% protein on a "dry matter" (DM) basis for adult cats, as opposed to only 18% for adult dogs.  What advantage do we gain in feeding high protein to our cat?  By feeding high protein, we are providing a proper carnivore diet. Most dry foods are high in carbohydrates which leads to weight gain and obesity. Obesity leads to higher risks of diabetes, hygiene and grooming problems, and joint disease.

Most pet foods only show the % protein in an "as fed" basis on the food label.  Usually this is okay if we are comparing dry foods to one another but it makes it difficult to compare a dry food to a type of canned food.  To show how to covert from "as fed" to "dry matter", let's say the dry food label says 10% moisture, which means there is 90% dry matter (100 minus 10).  If the label says there is 20% protein, we divide the 20 by 90 which equals 22% protein DM.  If the canned food label says 80% moisture, meaning 20% DM (100 minus 80), then 10% protein as fed equals 50% protein DM (10 divided by 20).  Although the dry food label said 20% protein and canned food listed 10% protein, there is actually 28% more protein in the canned food for this example.

Sebastian

Now that we know how to interpret pet food labels, let's look at the pros and cons of feeding dry food vs canned food.  There is a maximum amount of protein that can be found in dry food due to the difficulty of keeping it fresh and stable when stored at room temperature in a bag.  As seen in the example above, canned will typically contain much more protein than an equivalent dry food. There are only a few cat dry foods that contain high levels of protein such as those that are found in canned food. Canned food also has a high amount of moisture which helps ensure hydration and urinary tract health.  Although people worry about wet food leading to bad teeth, most dry foods do not significantly help prevent dental disease since the small kibble is minimally chewed when eaten. 

If you decide to change your cat's food, it is best to do so slowly.  One reason is to help prevent vomiting or diarrhea.  Another reason is that some cats do not accept change easily and may go on hunger strike which can lead to its own health problems such as fatty liver disease.  The switch from free feeding dry food to meal feeding canned food takes time since cats will object to not having food available at all times.  If you decide to help your overweight cat lose weight, remember that a cat should not lose more than 1 to 2% of its body weight per week.  Most cats need 150 - 200 calories per day.  Although typical cat foods do not list the calories (kcal) on the label, usually you can find this information on the internet.

Remember to drop off your food donations to the PAWSitively CATS shelter at 3432 E Fort Lowell in Tucson, Monday through Saturday from 10am-2pm. 

Do you and your cats share New Years Resolutions?

by Amanda L. Maus DVM
Catalina Pet Hospital
Tucson, AZ

As humans, we often apply human emotions and thought patterns to our pets.  For this week's blog, I thought it would be fun to guess what New Years resolutions our cats might have or which ones we would like them to have.  At the same time, there may be suggestions that our cats may wish to contribute to their human's list of resolutions.  Let's take a look at some playful ideas that might even be true!

Here are some ideas for resolutions that our cats might give us:

• Pet and play with your cat until they are satisfied.
• Spend more time sitting to provide lap time for your cat.
• Supply your cat with more of its favorite treats on demand.
• Do not disturb your cat when it is sleeping by making loud noises or causing them to move.
• Buy an aquarium and fill it with fish for your cat to watch. 
• Place a bird feeder outside your cat's favorite window.
• Provide your cat with boxes for sitting and hiding.

Here are some ideas for resolutions that humans might offer their cats:

• Try to expel your hairballs on easy to wipe surfaces instead of on the bed or in shoes.
• Avoid waking your human for food or attention before their alarm goes off.
• Cover your tidings left in the litter box.
• Avoid eating plants so you do not get an upset stomach.
• Sleep beside your human instead of on their head.
• Sit beside the newspaper or laptop your human is using, instead of on it.
• Graciously tolerate nail trims and other grooming.
• Lay next to your human's clean clothes.
• Avoid the temptation to knock over your human's belongings. 

Remember that adoptable cats at the PAWSitively CATS shelter would love to fulfill their New Years resolution of being adopted in 2014.

Should I Use a Petsitter or a Board My Cat?

by Amanda L. Maus DVM
Catalina Pet Hospital
Tucson, AZ


We all worry about our pets when we are not going to be home to personally take care of them for a period of time.  Cats can be difficult creatures when it comes to accepting changes to their routine.  With a pet sitter, the cat can at least stay in their normal, home environment.  At a boarding facility, everything is much different than at home and can be very stressful.  Stress can lead to your cat's appetite decreasing, fear aggression, or illness. 

 

Bertie

If you have a trip planned that will last for 3 days or less and own a healthy cat, you may be able to just have a friend come over, that the cat knows, to take care of feeding the cat and scooping the litter box.  If you have a longer trip planned or own an ill cat, it may be best to hire an experienced, professional pet sitter or to board your cat at a kennel.  Make sure to make reservations in advance, especially around holidays and summertime so that you are not disappointed with a lack of availability.

Things to ask a professional pet sitter:

• Bonded and insured?
• Recommended by your veterinarian or available references?
• Personal experience in owning cats?
• Any veterinary medicine experience?
• How many years of pet sitting experience?
• Availability to stay overnight vs make daytime visits?
• Ability to give medications if needed?
• Willingness to transport your cat to your veterinarian if ill?
• Fee schedule?

If you decide to use a pet sitter, it is important to have a "meet & greet" so that they can learn the layout of your house as well as meet your pets.  Discuss your needs for short visits vs staying over night.   Be very clear regarding what days they are expected to take care of the cats. Have a duty list prepared for the pet sitter to use for reference, that also includes watering plants, bringing in mail, etc. Make sure they have your emergency contact information and your veterinarian's contact information. Show them where the cat carrier is located.   

Before you leave, make sure that you "cat proof" your house even more than usual. Consider closing off doors to rooms or closets where the cat may hide and prevent the pet sitter from being able to check on them. Put away any items that your cat may have increased interest in investigating due to boredom in your absence.

Mia

Things to ask and look for at boarding facility:

• Recommended by your veterinarian?
• Vaccine, flea prevention, fecal testing requirements?
• Quiet, with no dog barking heard in cat area?
• No strong chemical or litter box smells in cat area?
• Spacious, clean cat cages/condos with comfortable temperature?
• What hours are staff available on site?
• Ability to give medications if needed?
• Willingness to transport cat to your veterinarian if ill?
• Fee schedule?
• Online reviews?

If you decide to use a boarding facility, make sure that you personally tour the place that your cat will be staying.  Pack enough of your cat's regular food to last for a few more days than you are expecting to board your cat.  Food changes can cause your cat to not eat or have stomach issues.  Pack blankets, beds, or toys with the familiar scent of home.  You may want to confine your cat to a small area so that you will be able to get them into the carrier when you are ready to leave.

Finally, you should consider contacting your veterinarian before your trip and leave the contact information for your pet sitter or boarding facilities with them.  Also, to help prevent a delay of treatment in case your cat becomes ill and you cannot be contacted, consider a letter authorizing treatment by your veterinarian, with financial parameters if needed.

Bertie and Mia are available for adoption though PAWSitively CATS

What Should I do About Neighborhood Stray Cats?

by Amanda L. Maus DVM
Catalina Pet Hospital
Tucson, AZ

You may have noticed a single or a dozen cats roaming around your neighborhood.  You can ignore the cat(s) and hope that they have a home and can adequately take care of themselves.  Or, you can take an active role in their life to help find their owner, and possibly provide food, water, shelter, veterinary care, and a new home if needed. 

Note Al's left ear tip is missing.

You should try to determine if the cat is a lost or abandoned (stray) cat, an owned indoor/outdoor cat, or a feral cat.  A stray or indoor/outdoor cat is more likely to be friendly and approach you in a quiet environment.  A feral cat is not socialized to human contact and tends to be more elusive, avoiding close proximity and human touch.  Feral cats, or stray cats that have been previously trapped, may be missing the tip of one of their ears, indicated that they have been spayed or neutered.  There are stray or owned cats that may be shy and seem feral when you first encounter them, but they should bond easier than feral cats with enticing foods. If the cat has a collar, try to look for an ID tag with an owner's contact information. 
 

Larry

It is very important to be safe when approaching and handling a cat that you do not know, since they may try to bite or scratch depending on their personality and history. If the cat is very friendly, you can get them into a pet carrier and take them for a microchip scan at your local veterinarian or humane society.  If no microchip or owner is located, you may decide to keep the cat or try to find it a new home.  Please follow your local laws on how long you should keep the cat, notify local animal shelters, and post "Found" signs and online alerts.  In the meantime, you should keep the cat segregated from other pets that you may have until your new cat is determined to be disease free and acclimated to your home.
 

Chrissy

If the cat is shy or unfriendly, you can lease or buy a humane cat trap to capture the cat.  Your local animal shelter may be able to assist you.  Once you capture the cat, you need to decide on where to take the cat.  You can take the cat to your veterinarian for evaluation of a possible microchip, health, and spay/neuter status.  You can also surrender the cat to your local humane society or no kill shelter for them to find the owner or prepare for adoption. 

Blizzard

Truly feral cats are not viewed as adoptable by most animal shelters and may be euthanized.  An alternative for feral cats is to have them vaccinated and spayed/neutered and then release them back into the neighborhood, also called TNR for trap/neuter/release.  In Tucson, PAWSitively CATS can help assist you with TNR.

Al, Larry, Chrissy, and Blizzard are available for adoption though PAWSitively CATS

Do You Know the Top 5 Holiday Hazards for Cats?

by Amanda L. Maus DVM
Catalina Pet Hospital
Tucson, AZ

 1. Decorations
Breakable ornaments and decorations that are knocked over can lead to skin or paw wounds.  Ideally they should be placed where cats cannot access them.  Strands of tinsel or garland that are ingested can potentially cause a serious intestinal blockage and therefore use of garland or tinsel should be avoided.  Some adventurous cats will attempt to climb and potentially knock down trees, harming your cat and damaging your prized heirlooms.  Consider placing the tree in a corner or anchoring it to help avoid accidents.  If using a live tree, make sure the water source is protected from your cat, especially when using commercially prepared mixes or additives to increase the tree's freshness, as they may be toxic.  To prevent electrocution, consider electrical cord covers or protectors if you cat seems interested in playing with or chewing on the cords. Candles should definitely be kept out of your cat's reach to prevent burns or house fires.

2. Presents/ Ribbon
Certain presents may contain food items that smell enticing to your cat, even through packaging and wrapping paper.  Be sure to store these items safely away from your cat.  Cats love to play with string like items and even chew on them.  Ribbon can cause a serious intestinal blockage, if ingested.

3. Table scraps/Trash
During food preparation, during holiday parties and dinners, and after festivities, there are more food items out in the open than usual.  Confining your feline away from these tasty temptations can be necessary to avoid unwanted sampling.  Some cats may even explore the trash.  Many people foods can potentially cause vomiting or diarrhea and other foods can even be toxic to your cat.  Caution your guests against feeding any snacks to your pets. The ASPCA Poison Control website has a list of toxic people foods.

4. Guests
During the hustle and bustle of friends and family members coming and going, a cat can easily slip out the front door by accident.   Your cat may be scared and not appreciate being approached by strangers, possibly resulting in scratches or even a bite wound.  During holiday parties and dinners, the safest place for your cat is enclosed in a quiet room with their food, water, and litterbox.  As an extra precaution, have your cat wear an ID collar or be microchipped.

5. Plants
Most people are aware that poinsettias can make cats ill, but they may not realize that is also the case with certain pine trees, holly, and even mistletoe.  All of these plants can cause vomiting, however mistletoe can be deadly.  Be very careful with your placement of these plants if you decide to use them or if guests bring them to your house. The ASPCA Poison Control website has a comprehensive list of toxic and non-toxic plants. 


Remember that Sunday, December 8th is the PAWSitively CATS Cat Lover's Holiday Celebration.  Click here for more details.